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  • [水凈化資訊] 農村的水環境現狀又是怎樣的呢？10-13

    當前，我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產正走向科(ke)學、多元、集(ji)約、高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)階段，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產現代化程度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)斷提高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)失(shi)衡、自然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)資源(yuan)退化以及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)越來(lai)越引(yin)起人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)(jing)問(wen)題(ti)頻繁發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染已(yi)嚴重威脅(xie)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體健(jian)康，部分地(di)(di)區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)遭到毀滅性破壞。農(nong)村(cun)(cun)環境(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)問(wen)題(ti)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)引(yin)起廣大(da)民眾和各級政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)(du)關注(zhu)。盡(jin)管經(jing)(jing)過(guo)長期(qi)不(bu)(bu)懈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力，我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)建設和保(bao)護取得了很(hen)大(da)成績，但形勢(shi)依然十(shi)分嚴峻。我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)人口多、底子薄(bo)，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)地(di)(di)區覆蓋(gai)面積大(da)，地(di)(di)區之(zhi)間經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)很(hen)不(bu)(bu)平衡。同時，由于農(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方式(shi)粗放，致使農(nong)村(cun)(cun)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)治理發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)滯(zhi)后，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)(jing)問(wen)題(ti)日益突(tu)出。從總體上來(lai)看，由土地(di)(di)退化、資源(yuan)過(guo)度(du)(du)開發(fa)(fa)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一系列農(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)問(wen)題(ti)比(bi)較(jiao)突(tu)出，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)日益短缺(que)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染所(suo)引(yin)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)災害(hai)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)問(wen)題(ti)愈加復雜(za)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)狀況總體不(bu)(bu)容(rong)樂觀(guan)。例如，每(mei)年(nian)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)量80 多億噸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)幾乎全部直排，威脅(xie)著廣大(da)農(nong)民群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境(jing)(jing)與身體健(jian)康日益突(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)問(wen)題(ti)，已(yi)經(jing)(jing)成為改善民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、全面貫徹黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)九大(da)精(jing)神、加快推進農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現代化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要制約因素。 ...

  • [水凈化資訊] 反應器在水處理中的應用：反應器的類型10-12

    在(zai)(zai)(zai)化工生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程中(zhong)，都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)發生(sheng)(sheng)化學(xue)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)核心部分(fen)(fen)(fen)，發生(sheng)(sheng)化學(xue)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 化工生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。按(an)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形態可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)均(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及多相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。均(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)只在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)進(jin)(jin)行，通(tong)(tong)(tong)常在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣體(ti)或(huo)液體(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)進(jin)(jin)行。當反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)必(bi)須有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)才能(neng)進(jin)(jin)行反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)時(shi)(shi)，則(ze)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)多相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 按(an)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)情(qing)況可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)式(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)大類(lei)(lei)。間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)罐一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)罐地”進(jin)(jin)行反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)卸(xie)料(liao)后(hou)，再進(jin)(jin)行下一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)完(wan)全(quan)混(hun)合(he)(he)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。當進(jin)(jin)料(liao)與出(chu)料(liao)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)不(bu)斷地進(jin)(jin)行時(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)類(lei)(lei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)則(ze)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)穩定(ding)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)完(wan)全(quan)對立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理想(xiang)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)活(huo)(huo)(huo)塞(sai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)拌(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)屬于(yu)完(wan)全(quan)混(hun)合(he)(he)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 為(wei)(wei)了有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)還具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)，如流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化床反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、滴(di)灑床反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等。 1.間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)式(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)式(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)非(fei)穩態條件(jian)下操作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所有(you)(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)料(liao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次加進(jin)(jin)去(qu)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)結束以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)料(liao)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)放出(chu)來，所有(you)(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)料(liao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)濃度(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)而(er)(er)變(bian)(bian)化，因(yin)此化學(xue)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速也隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)而(er)(er)變(bian)(bian)化;但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)卻永遠是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，和實驗室(shi)里所用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燒瓶在(zai)(zai)(zai)本(ben)質(zhi)上(shang)(shang)沒有(you)(you)(you)差別，對于(yu)小批量生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)液相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)較為(wei)(wei)適宜。 2.活(huo)(huo)(huo)塞(sai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 活(huo)(huo)(huo)塞(sai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常用管(guan)段(duan)(duan)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)，因(yin)此也稱(cheng)管(guan)式(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)特(te)征是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)列(lie)隊形式(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，液體(ti)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)在(zai)(zai)(zai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向決無(wu)混(hun)合(he)(he)現(xian)象(xiang)(但在(zai)(zai)(zai)垂(chui)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向上(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)混(hun)合(he)(he))。構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)塞(sai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要且充分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停(ting)留(liu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由于(yu)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)水流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較接近于(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)理想(xiang)狀態，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常用管(guan)子構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)時(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)函(han)數，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)、反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)沿管(guan)長而(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)變(bian)(bian)化，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沿管(guan)長各點(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)濃度(du)(du)(du)、反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)確定(ding)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)，不(bu)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)而(er)(er)變(bian)(bian)化。在(zai)(zai)(zai)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)式(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)操作(zuo)(zuo)過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)刻;而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)活(huo)(huo)(huo)塞(sai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)長中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)。 3.恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)拌(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)攪(jiao)罐反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)料(liao)不(bu)斷進(jin)(jin)出(chu)，連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動。其(qi)特(te)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)受到(dao)了極好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攪(jiao)拌(ban)，因(yin)此反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)各點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)全(quan)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)(er)且不(bu)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)而(er)(er)變(bian)(bian)化，因(yin)此反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)確定(ding)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)該種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大優點(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)必(bi)然(ran)要設置攪(jiao)拌(ban)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，當反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)后(hou)，立(li)(li)即被均(jun)勻分(fen)(fen)(fen)散(san)到(dao)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容積內(nei)(nei)(nei)，從反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，其(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)必(bi)然(ran)與反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣。從理論(lun)上(shang)(shang)說(shuo)，由于(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)某(mou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)刻進(jin)(jin)到(dao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)立(li)(li)即被分(fen)(fen)(fen)散(san)到(dao)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該立(li)(li)即流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)來，這(zhe)(zhe)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停(ting)留(liu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)理論(lun)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)零。余(yu)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)則(ze)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停(ting)留(liu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，其(qi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停(ting)留(liu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)理論(lun)上(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)達無(wu)窮大。這(zhe)(zhe)樣就產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)突出(chu)現(xian)象(xiang):某(mou)些后(hou)來進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)必(bi)然(ran)要與先進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)混(hun)合(he)(he)，這(zhe)(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)返混(hun)作(zuo)(zuo)用。理想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)塞(sai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)絕(jue)對不(bu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)返混(hun)作(zuo)(zuo)用，而(er)(er) CSTR的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)返混(hun)作(zuo)(zuo)用，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)又稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)返混(hun)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 4.恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)拌(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串聯 將若(ruo)干個(ge)(ge)(ge)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)拌(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串聯起來，或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)塔式(shi)或(huo)管(guan)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)若(ruo)干個(ge)(ge)(ge)級在(zai)(zai)(zai)級內(nei)(nei)(nei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)混(hun)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，級間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)混(hun)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)優點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)過程有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)確定(ding)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速度(du)(du)(du)，又可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)段(duan)(duan)控制反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)料(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停(ting)留(liu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)對地比(bi)較集中(zhong)。因(yin)比(bi)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)綜合(he)(he)了活(huo)(huo)(huo)塞(sai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)拌(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)(dian)。...

  • [水凈化資訊] 水中化學物質對人體健康的影響10-12

    1.微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)無(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)，將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)凡占體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)萬分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)叫作(zuo)微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)，其(qi)(qi)他(ta)無(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)就可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稱作(zuo)常量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)和(he)(he)(he)(he)常量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)健(jian)康(kang)(kang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。 鐵(tie)(tie)、鋅、錳、鉻(ge)、鉬、鈷、硒、鎳、銅、硅、氧(yang)、碘、鍶(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng)20 當(dang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所必(bi)(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)雖然(ran)(ran)低(di)(di)微(wei)(wei)(wei)，但(dan)(dan)(dan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)大，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)健(jian)康(kang)(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you):構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)身體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)各(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)部分，調節生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，參加酶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)(dong)，運送氧(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)參與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)激素(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)(dong)。例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)鋅在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)只含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you) 2~38，但(dan)(dan)(dan)其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)卻(que)極其(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)要，它不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)育，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)格行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，缺(que)鋅可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)引(yin)起(qi)抑郁、情緒(xu)不(bu)(bu)穩定(ding)、易煩(fan)躁(zao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)銳(rui)減(jian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。硒在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)極微(wei)(wei)(wei)，但(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)許多(duo)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)硒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)直接關系.長期(qi)(qi)(qi)危害(hai)(hai)我國廣大農(nong)村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民健(jian)康(kang)(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)克山病(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)大骨節病(bing)(bing)都(dou)與(yu)硒缺(que)乏有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關。健(jian)康(kang)(kang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)頭發(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)(han)硒量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)0.8ug/g以(yi)(yi)上，而頭發(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)硒量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)少(shao)于(yu)(yu) 0.4pg/g 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)癥(zheng)(zheng)“嫌(xian)疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)” 許多(duo)常量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)也(ye)(ye)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)同(tong)前述微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)相似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)所必(bi)(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)氫、碳、氮、氧(yang)、鈉、鎂(mei)、磷、硫、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、鉀、鈣(gai)(gai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。鈣(gai)(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei) 99%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鈣(gai)(gai)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)骨骼(ge)和(he)(he)(he)(he)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)缺(que)鈣(gai)(gai)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)佝僂(lou)病(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)骨質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軟化(hua)(hua)。鎂(mei)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分，70%存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)骨骼(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)余分布于(yu)(yu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軟組(zu)織和(he)(he)(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)液(ye)內(nei)。缺(que)鎂(mei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)引(yin)起(qi)心肌(ji)病(bing)(bing)變(bian)、骨質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脆(cui)弱和(he)(he)(he)(he)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長障礙等(deng)(deng)(deng)。維持(chi)鉀、鈉離(li)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)態(tai)平衡(heng)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)保證心肌(ji)正(zheng)常活動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要條件。鉀對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)心肌(ji)壞(huai)死有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)預防(fang)作(zuo)用(yong)。磷占人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1%，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)含(han)(han)(han)(han)磷達 700g，85%存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)骨骼(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)強心健(jian)腦，增強記憶。 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)大部分都(dou)合(he)于(yu)(yu)自然(ran)(ran)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)補充(chong)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要途徑之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。 天(tian)然(ran)(ran)水(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)提供(gong)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)少(shao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分。例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)汞(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)劇毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)致(zhi)(zhi)急慢(man)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，主(zhu)要影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)神經系統、心臟、腎(shen)臟和(he)(he)(he)(he)胃(wei)(wei)腸(chang)道(dao)，汞(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)蓄(xu)積(ji)，亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)蓄(xu)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)魚、蝦等(deng)(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)，所以(yi)(yi)汞(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)隨食物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)入(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)潛在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)，鎘蓄(xu)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟組(zu)織中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，使(shi)腎(shen)臟器(qi)官(guan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)病(bing)(bing)變(bian)及(ji)(ji)引(yin)起(qi)骨痛病(bing)(bing)。硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)過(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)高鐵(tie)(tie)血(xue)(xue)紅(hong)蛋白(bai)癥(zheng)(zheng)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)搶救(jiu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)引(yin)起(qi)死亡。亞硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要危害(hai)(hai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亞硝(xiao)胺(an)(an)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)公認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。 也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，適量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益，超量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)則(ze)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)。例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)每(mei)(mei)升血(xue)(xue)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)數(shu)百(bai)微(wei)(wei)(wei)克砷(shen)，參與(yu)細(xi)胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代謝(xie)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，并蓄(xu)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肝臟、指(zhi)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)(he)毛發(fa)(fa)、脊髓中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。但(dan)(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)砷(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)劇毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，若長期(qi)(qi)(qi)持(chi)續(xu)吸收低(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)砷(shen)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)砷(shen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。適量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氟能(neng)(neng)提高牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)硬度(du)，預防(fang)齲齒(chi)，促(cu)進(jin)骨骼(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鈣(gai)(gai)化(hua)(hua)。但(dan)(dan)(dan)氟水(shui)(shui)又(you)會(hui)損(sun)傷(shang)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)，影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)骨骼(ge)密(mi)度(du)。鐵(tie)(tie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)(kang)很(hen)重(zhong)(zhong)要，患缺(que)鐵(tie)(tie)性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒童除了抵抗力低(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)外(wai)，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)注意力不(bu)(bu)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，記憶力減(jian)退的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。但(dan)(dan)(dan)若每(mei)(mei)天(tian)吸收鐵(tie)(tie)超過(guo)(guo) 12mg，就有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，超過(guo)(guo)得太多(duo)，會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)急性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。同(tong)樣錳也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)所需，但(dan)(dan)(dan)過(guo)(guo)多(duo)也(ye)(ye)會(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。 硫酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)過(guo)(guo)高時(shi)，會(hui)使(shi)水(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)令人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)厭惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)味(wei)道(dao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)應(ying)加以(yi)(yi)限制。 2. 有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 據報道(dao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)世界各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)休中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，已(yi)檢(jian)出(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，而飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)765種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 117 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)或懷疑為(wei)(wei)(wei)致(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)數(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)現是(shi)(shi)(shi)環境(jing)(jing)污染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),缺(que)麗是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)肯(ken)定(ding)因素(su)(su)(su)(su)。外(wai)污染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)： (1) 農(nong)藥(yao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)。水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)類(lei)(lei)(lei)及(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)磷類(lei)(lei)(lei)，例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru) DDT、六六六、五氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)草(cao)胺(an)(an)、阿特(te)拉津(莠(you)去津)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，或者(zhe)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)，能(neng)(neng)引(yin)起(qi)食管癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、胃(wei)(wei)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、肝癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、肺癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、白(bai)血(xue)(xue)病(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，或者(zhe)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)，改變(bian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)激素(su)(su)(su)(su)平衡(heng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)健(jian)康(kang)(kang)。 (2) 酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苯(ben)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、苯(ben)二(er)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)促(cu)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)劑(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)值。達又(you)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)就顯示(shi)出(chu)很(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)作(zuo)用(yong)。長期(qi)(qi)(qi)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)低(di)(di)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記憶力減(jian)退，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)頭暈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要依據。此(ci)失眠、貧血(xue)(xue)、皮疹等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀。 (3) 芳香經類(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)此(ci)類(lei)(lei)(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)苯(ben)系化(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)苯(ben)、二(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)、苯(ben)乙烯(xi)、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)苯(ben)、苯(ben)并(a）芘是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)極強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)誘發(fa)(fa)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皮膚癌(ai)(ai)(ai)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)惡性(xing)(xing)腫瘤(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)之(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關。 此(ci)外(wai)，近年來天(tian)然(ran)(ran)水(shui)(shui)環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頻繁檢(jian)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)新(xin)興污染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)內(nei)分泌干擾物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)護理(li)(li)(li)品(pin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)全構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威脅(xie)(xie)。 3. 放(fang)射性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 放(fang)射性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)入(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)照射，發(fa)(fa)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電離(li)輻射對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)所有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)作(zuo)用(yong)，主(zhu)要引(yin)起(qi)皮膚癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、骨肉瘤(liu)、肺癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、白(bai)血(xue)(xue)病(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)胎兒、青(qing)少(shao)年對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)放(fang)射性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏感(gan)性(xing)(xing)比成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)高，危害(hai)(hai)更(geng)大。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)235U、233U可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)肝臟、骨髓、造血(xue)(xue)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng);131I可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)狀腺(xian)，引(yin)起(qi)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)狀腺(xian)炎,89Sr90Sr可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)致(zhi)(zhi)骨腫瘤(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)白(bai)血(xue)(xue)病(bing)(bing)。 4. 消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)及(ji)(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)藝有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。向水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)投(tou)加消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)殺滅(mie)細(xi)菌和(he)(he)(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)本身以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)些消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)會(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)健(jian)康(kang)(kang)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)威脅(xie)(xie)。隨消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。 氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)氣(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)(li)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)細(xi)菌、病(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殺滅(mie)作(zuo)用(yong)。但(dan)(dan)(dan)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)氣(qi)投(tou)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)過(guo)(guo)多(duo)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)會(hui)影(ying)(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)味(wei)道(dao)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)會(hui)同(tong)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、腐(fu)殖質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相結合(he)，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三(san)鹵(lu)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)烷(wan)(wan)、鹵(lu)乙酸(suan)(suan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鹵(lu)乙酸(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)低(di)(di)但(dan)(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)更(geng)強。三(san)鹵(lu)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)烷(wan)(wan)總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)諸如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)仿(fang)、溴仿(fang)之(zhi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，以(yi)(yi)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)仿(fang)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最高。研(yan)(yan)究表(biao)明，氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)后飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)濃(nong)(nong)集物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)直接致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)性(xing)(xing)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)三(san)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)乙酸(suan)(suan)、二(er)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)乙酸(suan)(suan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)。 另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亞氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)與(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)醒、乙醛等(deng)(deng)(deng)。二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)呼吸道(dao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)刺激作(zuo)用(yong)，長期(qi)(qi)(qi)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)肝、腎(shen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樞系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)周圍(wei)血(xue)(xue)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，提高血(xue)(xue)漿膽固醇含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。亞氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)肝和(he)(he)(he)(he)免疫反(fan)應(ying)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，引(yin)起(qi)肝壞(huai)死、腎(shen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)心肌(ji)營養不(bu)(bu)良，屬于(yu)(yu)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)高鐵(tie)(tie)血(xue)(xue)紅(hong)蛋白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)劑(ji)(ji)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、亞氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)應(ying)該進(jin)行(xing)(xing)限制。 過(guo)(guo)去一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)胺(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)，但(dan)(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)近年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究發(fa)(fa)現氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)胺(an)(an)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)含(han)(han)(han)(han)氮副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)。透析液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)胺(an)(an)，會(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)威脅(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)(kang)。流行(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)學研(yan)(yan)究發(fa)(fa)現，氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)胺(an)(an)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)與(yu)死產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)增加、出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)缺(que)陷增加有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)密(mi)切聯系。 臭氧(yang)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)某些醛類(lei)(lei)(lei)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)醛、乙醛、乙二(er)醛、丙酮醛等(deng)(deng)(deng)，若水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)(han) Br- 則(ze)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)溴酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(或可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)疑具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you))致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)。...

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    我國于(yu)1973年(nian)(nian)召(zhao)開了全國環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護工(gong)作會議，確定(ding)了 “全面規(gui)(gui)劃、合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)布局、綜合(he)(he)利用(yong)、化(hua)害為利、依靠群眾、保(bao)(bao)(bao)護環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)、造福人民”的(de)32字方針，并頒布了第(di)一(yi)個環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun) 《工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye) “三廢(fei)” 排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GBJ4-73。此后(hou)，開始有(you)(you)組織地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)了一(yi)系(xi)列的(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護政策、法規(gui)(gui)和標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，相繼發布了 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“三致”物質(zhi)等(deng)優先控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)原則。 （1）標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)分級(ji)。在環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)容量(liang)(liang)范(fan)圍內(nei)，按水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)類(lei)(lei)別(bie)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相應標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)。排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)入地(di)表淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)，符合(he)(he)《地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB3838-2002Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)(規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)和旅游區(qu)除外(wai)）和排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)入海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)，符合(he)(he)《海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB3097—1997中二(er)類(lei)(lei)海域(yu)的(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)級(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)入GB3838—2002中IV、V類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)和排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)入GB3097-1997中三類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)的(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)二(er)級(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)入設置二(er)級(ji)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廠的(de)城鎮排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統的(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三級(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)入未(wei)設登二(er)級(ji)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廠的(de)城鎮排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統的(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，必(bi)須(xu)根據(ju)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)受(shou)納水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)要(yao)求，分別(bie)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上述規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。 (2）標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)值。將排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)的(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物按其(qi)性質(zhi)及控制(zhi)(zhi)方法分為兩類(lei)(lei)。第(di)一(yi)類(lei)(lei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物，有(you)(you)13項(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，主要(yao)是(shi)重金屬和放(fang)(fang)射性等(deng)有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)害物質(zhi)，不(bu)分行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)方式，也不(bu)分受(shou)納水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)類(lei)(lei)別(bie)，一(yi)律在車間或(huo)車間處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設施排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)口(kou)采(cai)樣(yang)，其(qi)最高(gao)允(yun)許(xu)(xu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)濃度(du)必(bi)須(xu)達到(dao)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求。第(di)二(er)類(lei)(lei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物，有(you)(you)56 項(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，在排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)單(dan)位(wei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)口(kou)采(cai)樣(yang)，其(qi)最高(gao)允(yun)許(xu)(xu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)濃度(du)必(bi)須(xu)達到(dao)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求。...

  • [水凈化資訊] 污水排放標準制定的依據10-11

    污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)直(zhi)接對地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)構(gou)成了(le)(le)威脅，是(shi)實現(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良性社(she)會循環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)。為了(le)(le)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)，必(bi)領對排放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)量(liang)進(jin)行控(kong)制(zhi)。當污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)量(liang)低于受納水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自凈能(neng)力，則(ze)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體質(zhi)量(liang)不會下降，這是(shi)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)最基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)發點。因此，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)依(yi)據。 我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》GB 3838-2002 規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)功能(neng)分類、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)監測(ce)等(deng)。依(yi)據地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)功能(neng)和(he)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)，按功能(neng)高低依(yi)次劃(hua)分為五(wu)類： Ⅰ類主要(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于源(yuan)頭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，國家自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)； Ⅱ類主要(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于集中(zhong)式生(sheng)(sheng)活飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)一級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、珍稀水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)棲息地(di)(di)(di)、魚(yu)蝦類產卵場、仔稚幼魚(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梭餌場等(deng)； Ⅲ類主要(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于集中(zhong)式生(sheng)(sheng)活飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)二級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、 魚(yu)蝦類越冬場、洄(hui)游通(tong)道、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產養殖區(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)漁業水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)及(ji)(ji)游泳區(qu)(qu)(qu)； Ⅳ類主要(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于一般(ban)工業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)(ji)人體非直(zhi)接接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)娛樂用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)； V類主要(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于農業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)(ji)一般(ban)景(jing)觀要(yao)(yao)(yao)求水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)。 標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)除了(le)(le)對地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)項目(mu)提出(chu)(chu)(chu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)限值外，還對集中(zhong)式生(sheng)(sheng)活飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)提出(chu)(chu)(chu)補(bu)(bu)充(chong)項目(mu)和(he)特定(ding)(ding)項目(mu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)限值。基本(ben)項目(mu)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于全國江河、湖泊、運(yun)河、渠道、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)等(deng)具有使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)；補(bu)(bu)充(chong)項目(mu)和(he)特定(ding)(ding)項目(mu)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于集中(zhong)式生(sheng)(sheng)活飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)一級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)二級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。...

  • [水凈化資訊] 其他用水的水質標準10-11

    原(yuan)則(ze)上(shang)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)食品、飲料用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun)。但(dan)近年隨著人(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求越(yue)來越(yue)高，出現了小區直(zhi)(zhi)飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、罐(guan)裝(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)（桶裝(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、瓶(ping)裝(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）等各種高質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。這(zhe)些飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，又有(you)所(suo)提高。 2.城(cheng)市(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun) 城(cheng)市(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是城(cheng)市(shi)和人(ren)(ren)們日常生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)所(suo)經常涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)類用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，主要(yao)包括廁(ce)所(suo)便器(qi)沖洗、城(cheng)市(shi)綠化、洗車、掃除(chu)、建筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)及(ji)有(you)同(tong)樣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)其他用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 過(guo)去傳統上(shang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)城(cheng)市(shi)管網(wang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)市(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不做特殊規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。隨著人(ren)(ren)們對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)憂患意識增強，節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施(shi)逐步得到(dao)落實，污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源化的(de)(de)(de)(de)興起，人(ren)(ren)們越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)以城(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)按水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)將城(cheng)市(shi)管網(wang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)實行(xing)循序利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)市(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。雖然城(cheng)市(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求沒有(you)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)那(nei)樣高，但(dan)是也應(ying)(ying)滿足使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求，做到(dao)既利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等資(zi)源，又能切(qie)實保證(zheng)安全與(yu)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。為(wei)(wei)此(ci)，我國(guo)制定(ding)(ding)了 《城(cheng)市(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun)》GB/T 18920—2002。 3. 游泳池(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun) 游泳池(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)體直(zhi)(zhi)接接觸(chu)，也關(guan)系到(dao)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)體健康(kang)。我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)標準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)游泳池(chi)補(bu)充水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)應(ying)(ying)符合生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun)，同(tong)時根據游泳池(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊情況，對于池(chi)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)一(yi)(yi)些補(bu)充規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。 4.工(gong)(gong)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun) 工(gong)(gong)業種類繁多(duo)，對用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求也不盡相(xiang)問，例(li)如電子工(gong)(gong)業對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求極為(wei)(wei)嚴(yan)格。要(yao)求使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)純水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、超(chao)純水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；而一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)業冷卻(que)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求則(ze)十分寬(kuan)松。容許渾濁(zhuo)度達到(dao)50~100NTU。 因此(ci)各工(gong)(gong)業行(xing)業?從保證(zheng)產品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量和保障生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產正常運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度，制定(ding)(ding)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun)。...

  • [水凈化資訊] 我國生活飲用水標準/生活飲用水衛生標準10-10

    我(wo)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是隨(sui)著科(ke)學技術的(de)(de)進(jin)步和(he)社會發展(zhan)而(er)與時(shi)(shi)俱進(jin)的(de)(de)。 1927年(nian)(nian)上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)公布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)第一個地方性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，稱為(wei)《上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清潔標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》，從(cong)而(er)成為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)最早定制(zhi)地方性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)城市(shi)(shi)之一；1937年(nian)(nian)北京市(shi)(shi)自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公司(si)定制(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)表》，包含有(you)(you)11項(xiang)(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)；1950年(nian)(nian)上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)頒(ban)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le) 《上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》，有(you)(you)16項(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。 1956 年(nian)(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)領(ling)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)第一部(bu)《飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》，有(you)(you)15項(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)；1976年(nian)(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)頒(ban)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》TJ 20—76，有(you)(you)23項(xiang)(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)；1985 年(nian)(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)首次頒(ban)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB 5749—85，有(you)(you)35項(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。 1992年(nian)(nian)，建(jian)設部(bu)組(zu)織中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)城鎮供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)協(xie)會編制(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le) 《城市(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行業 2000 年(nian)(nian)技術進(jin)步發展(zhan)規(gui)劃》；2001 年(nian)(nian)，衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)領(ling)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)范》；2005年(nian)(nian)，建(jian)設部(bu)頒(ban)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《城市(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》CJ/T 206-2005。 2006 年(nian)(nian)，由(you)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管理(li)(li)委員(yuan)會聯(lian)合(he)發布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB 5749-—2006。該(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)為(wei)強(qiang)制(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)制(zhi)訂參考了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)世界衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)組(zu)織、歐盟、美國(guo)(guo)、俄羅(luo)斯和(he)日(ri)本(ben)的(de)(de)相關標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)、集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單(dan)位衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)、二次供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)、涉及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安全產品衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)監測和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)檢驗(yan)方法。該(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于城鄉各類(lei)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，也適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于分散式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)由(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)規(gui)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)消毒劑常(chang)規(gui)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)非常(chang)規(gui)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)組(zu)成，還對農村小(xiao)型集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)分散式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)分水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)規(gui)定。與GB 5749- 85 相比，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)由(you) 35 項(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)加至(zhi) 106 項(xiang)(xiang)，增(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)71 項(xiang)(xiang)；修訂了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)8項(xiang)(xiang)；其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)由(you) 2項(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi) 6 項(xiang)(xiang)，飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)消毒劑由(you) 1項(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi)4 項(xiang)(xiang)，毒理(li)(li)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無機化(hua)(hua)合(he)物由(you) 10項(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi) 21 項(xiang)(xiang)，有(you)(you)機化(hua)(hua)合(he)物由(you) 5 項(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi) 53 項(xiang)(xiang)，感(gan)官(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀和(he)一般理(li)(li)化(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)由(you) 15項(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi) 20 項(xiang)(xiang)，放射性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修訂了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)總(zong)α放射性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)明(ming)(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)符合(he)下列基(ji)本(ben)要求(qiu)(qiu)，保證用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安全：不(bu)(bu)得含有(you)(you)病原微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物；化(hua)(hua)學物質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)得危害人(ren)體(ti)健康；放射性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)得危害人(ren)體(ti)健康；感(gan)官(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀良(liang)好。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)還明(ming)(ming)確當(dang)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)影響水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)突發性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)公共事件(jian)時(shi)(shi)，經市(shi)(shi)級以(yi)上(shang)人(ren)民政府批準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，感(gan)官(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀和(he)一般化(hua)(hua)學指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)可適(shi)當(dang)放覺(jue)。...

  • [水凈化資訊] 水中生物對人體健康的影響10-10

    水(shui)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)(主要是(shi)微(wei)生物(wu))與人(ren)體(ti)(ti)健康關系密切，影響比較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)王要有(you)(you)細(xi)菌(jun)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒、致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)原生動物(wu)，此外(wai)還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)藻類(lei)、真(zhen)菌(jun)、寄(ji)生蟲、蠕蟲等。1.細(xi)菌(jun)已(yi)發現(xian)飲(yin)用水(shui)中能(neng)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)腸(chang)道(dao)疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you):志賀氏(shi)（屬），是(shi)細(xi)商性(xing)痢疾的(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)原體(ti)(ti)；沙門氏(shi)菌(jun)(屬)，可(ke)致(zhi)沙門氏(shi)菌(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，它導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)全身性(xing)較(jiao)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)疾患，引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)毒血癥，感染(ran)肝、脾、膽囊等，還(huan)(huan)能(neng)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)腸(chang)壁潰(kui)瘍、出血、穿(chuan)孔等；致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)性(xing)大腸(chang)桿(gan)菌(jun)，可(ke)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)不同癥狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)腹瀉;軍團菌(jun)，可(ke)以使肺部受(shou)損，也可(ke)出現(xian)其(qi)他器(qi)官如肝、腎、心等受(shou)損，引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)多種癥狀，死亡率較(jiao)高;鉤(gou)端螺旋(xuan)體(ti)(ti)，具有(you)(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)侵襲力，可(ke)通過皮膚微(wei)小傷(shang)口、眼結(jie)膜、鼻和(he)口腔黏膜侵入體(ti)(ti)內，引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)黃疸出血、流感傷(shang)寒、肺出血等，鉤(gou)端螺旋(xuan)體(ti)(ti)病(bing)(bing)(bing)爆發在(zai)(zai)世(shi)界上曾有(you)(you)多次報(bao)道(dao)；致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)性(xing)弧菌(jun)(屬)，霍亂弧菌(jun)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)霍亂是(shi)一種烈性(xing)消化道(dao)傳(chuan)染(ran)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，此外(wai)還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)麥契(qi)尼可(ke)夫弧菌(jun)、河弧菌(jun)、副溶(rong)血弧菌(jun)等均可(ke)致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)；嗜(shi)水(shui)氣單胞(bao)(bao)菌(jun)，能(neng)產生外(wai)毒素(su)、可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)血凝素(su)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)人(ren)類(lei)O、A、B型(xing)血紅細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凝聚，對(dui)人(ren)具有(you)(you)潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)性(xing);彎(wan)曲菌(jun)，以空(kong)腸(chang)彎(wan)曲菌(jun)最為常見，可(ke)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)輕重(zhong)不等的(de)(de)(de)(de)腸(chang)炎;結(jie)核桿(gan)菌(jun)，是(shi)人(ren)和(he)動物(wu)結(jie)核病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)原菌(jun)。...

  • [水凈化資訊] 水體的富營養化10-10

    水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)化(hua)是(shi)(shi)富(fu)(fu)含(han)磷酸鹽和(he)(he)其(qi)些(xie)形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，在光(guang)照和(he)(he)其(qi)他環境(jing)條件適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)(suo)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這些(xie)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足以(yi)使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)過量(liang)(liang)(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長，在隨(sui)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)死亡和(he)(he)隨(sui)之而來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異(yi)養(yang)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)代(dai)謝活動中(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶解氧(yang)(yang)很(hen)(hen)可(ke)能被耗(hao)盡(jin)(jin)，造成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)惡化(hua)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)結構破壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。 進(jin)人(ren)(ren)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮(dan)磷來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)活動造成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮(dan)磷來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)：工業廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)未經(jing)處理(li)(li)或(huo)處理(li)(li)未達標進(jin)入水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)；采(cai)用(yong)(yong)處理(li)(li)標淮偏低污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)都含(han)有(you)(you)相當數量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮(dan)和(he)(he)磷；面(mian)源(yuan)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農業污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染，包括(kuo)(kuo)肥料、農藥和(he)(he)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)糞便等；城市來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)，除了(le)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糞便、工業污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)外，大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高磷洗滌劑(ji)是(shi)(shi)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磷素來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)化(hua)危(wei)害很(hen)(hen)大(da)，對(dui)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)健康、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能等都有(you)(you)損售，包括(kuo)(kuo)： （1）使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)味(wei)(wei)變(bian)得腥臭(chou)難(nan)(nan)聞。藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過度(du)(du)(du)(du)繁(fan)殖，使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)霉味(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)臭(chou)味(wei)(wei)。特別是(shi)(shi)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)死亡分(fen)解腐爛時(shi)，經(jing)過放線菌等微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)解作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)發出濃(nong)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腥臭(chou)。 （2）降(jiang)低水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透明(ming)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。在富(fu)(fu)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)化(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)，大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)浮(fu)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)，形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)浮(fu)渣，使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)變(bian)得渾濁，透明(ming)度(du)(du)(du)(du)降(jiang)低，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感官性狀大(da)大(da)下降(jiang)。 （3） 消耗(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶解氧(yang)(yang)。一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表層(ceng)密集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)使(shi)陽光(guang)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)透射進(jin)人(ren)(ren)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深層(ceng)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)深層(ceng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)受(shou)(shou)到限制而減(jian)弱，溶解氧(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)隨(sui)之減(jian)少(shao)；另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)，藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)死亡后不斷(duan)向水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)底部淤積、腐爛分(fen)解，消耗(hao)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶解氧(yang)(yang)，嚴(yan)重時(shi)可(ke)使(shi)深層(ceng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶解氧(yang)(yang)消耗(hao)殆盡(jin)(jin)而呈厭氧(yang)(yang)狀態(tai)。 （4）向水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)釋(shi)放有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。許多(duo)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)能分(fen)泌、釋(shi)放有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)有(you)(you)害物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不僅危(wei)害動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，而且對(dui)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)健康產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)影(ying)響(xiang)。典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)所(suo)(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)毒(du)(du)素，若(ruo)(ruo)牲(sheng)畜飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)含(han)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)毒(du)(du)素達到一(yi)(yi)定(ding)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)引(yin)起(qi)牲(sheng)畜腸道炎癥，人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)(ruo)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消化(hua)道炎癥等健康問題。 （5）影(ying)響(xiang)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并增(zeng)加(jia)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)本。富(fu)(fu)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)為水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)，會(hui)(hui)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)帶來(lai)(lai)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列問題，增(zeng)加(jia)處理(li)(li)難(nan)(nan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，不僅加(jia)大(da)了(le)制水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費用(yong)(yong)，還(huan)可(ke)能減(jian)少(shao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。一(yi)(yi)些(xie)殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)或(huo)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)泌物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)其(qi)他物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結合，會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)有(you)(you)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消毒(du)(du)副(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等問題，影(ying)響(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)全。 （6）對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)受(shou)(shou)到污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染而呈現富(fu)(fu)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)狀態(tai)時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)平衡(heng)就會(hui)(hui)受(shou)(shou)到擾動，引(yin)起(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)群數量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波動，使(shi)某些(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)減(jian)少(shao)、另一(yi)(yi)些(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)增(zeng)加(jia)等，導致(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性和(he)(he)多(duo)樣性降(jiang)低。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)富(fu)(fu)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)化(hua)所(suo)(suo)帶來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眾(zhong)多(duo)問題，已引(yin)起(qi)人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)(du)(du)(du)關注。從保護水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)富(fu)(fu)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)進(jin)行修復，恢復水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)功能；另一(yi)(yi)萬面(mian)要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)化(hua)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)工藝(yi)和(he)(he)控制面(mian)源(yuan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染，減(jian)少(shao)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排放量(liang)(liang)(liang)；同時(shi)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)化(hua)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)工藝(yi)，有(you)(you)效地去除富(fu)(fu)營(ying)(ying)(ying)養(yang)化(hua)所(suo)(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)等物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，保證飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)全。...

  • [水凈化資訊] 各種典型水體的水質特點10-09

    一(yi)般(ban)(ban)可以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)天(tian)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分為地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)兩大類(lei)(lei)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)又(you)可以(yi)(yi)分為江(jiang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、湖(hu)泊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。每類(lei)(lei)天(tian)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)些(xie)共性特(te)點(dian)，也(ye)因(yin)流(liu)(liu)域特(te)征、受(shou)人(ren)類(lei)(lei)擾動(dong)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)而(er)(er)(er)各(ge)不相同。 (1）江(jiang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。因(yin)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)條(tiao)件和(he)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用情(qing)況(kuang)不同，江(jiang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差別(bie)很(hen)(hen)大，即(ji)使同一(yi)條(tiao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)，也(ye)常(chang)常(chang)因(yin)上游(you)和(he)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)、夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)和(he)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)、 雨(yu)天(tian)和(he)晴天(tian)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)不同。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)華東(dong)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)和(he)西(xi)南(nan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)因(yin)為土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)氣候條(tiao)件比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)，草(cao)木叢生(sheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)少，江(jiang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)低，只(zhi)在(zai)(zai)雨(yu)季(ji)(ji)較(jiao)(jiao)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)，年(nian)平均(jun)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)100~400NTU之間(jian)(jian)或更(geng)低。東(dong)北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)河(he)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懸浮物(wu)(wu)(wu)含(han)量(liang)(liang)也(ye)不高(gao)，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)10ONTU以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，甚至(zhi)經(jing)(jing)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)幾(ji)個(ge)NTU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平。華北(bei)和(he)西(xi)北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)流(liu)(liu)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)黃(huang)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，懸浮物(wu)(wu)(wu)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)，變化(hua)幅(fu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大，暴雨(yu)時(shi)攜帶大量(liang)(liang)泥(ni)砂，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)短短幾(ji)小時(shi)內，可由幾(ji)百NTU驟增至(zhi)幾(ji)萬(wan)NTU，最(zui)突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)黃(huang)河(he)，冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)幾(ji)十(shi)NTU，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)可達(da)(da)幾(ji)萬(wan)NTU，甚至(zhi)幾(ji)十(shi)萬(wan)NTU。 江(jiang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)都比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)低。含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)股(gu)在(zai)(zai)70～900mg/L之間(jian)(jian)；硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)通(tong)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)50~400mg/L（以(yi)(yi)CaCO?計)之間(jian)(jian)。 (2）湖(hu)泊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。湖(hu)泊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)由江(jiang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供給(gei)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)點(dian)與江(jiang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)類(lei)(lei)似。但是(shi)由于(yu)其流(liu)(liu)動(dong)性較(jiao)(jiao)小，經(jing)(jing)過長(chang)期自(zi)(zi)然(ran)沉(chen)(chen)淀，渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)一(yi)股(gu)較(jiao)(jiao)低。典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)如黃(huang)河(he)沿岸修建了很(hen)(hen)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)作為飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)，雖然(ran)在(zai)(zai)黃(huang)河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)很(hen)(hen)高(gao)，但是(shi)進人(ren)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)沉(chen)(chen)淀后(hou)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)可能只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)幾(ji)個(ge)NTU了。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)性小和(he)透明度(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)，給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浮游(you)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、特(te)別(bie)是(shi)藻類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)造了有(you)(you)(you)利條(tiao)件，尤(you)其在(zai)(zai)受(shou)到生(sheng)活(huo)類(lei)(lei)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)說下(xia)(xia)(xia)，氮(dan)、磷等(deng)(deng)(deng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為浮游(you)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)提供了充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養源(yuan)，促使其大量(liang)(liang)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)。湖(hu)泊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富營養化(hua)已(yi)成(cheng)為嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)污染(ran)問(wen)題。 由于(yu)湖(hu)泊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發(fa)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不斷濃縮，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)江(jiang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)高(gao)。 （3）海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)高(gao)含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)(liang)，在(zai)(zai)7.5～43.0g/L之間(jian)(jian)。含(han)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)氯化(hua)鈉(NaCl，約占83.7%，其他鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)類(lei)(lei)還有(you)(you)(you) MgCl?、CaSO?等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 （4）地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。由于(yu)通(tong)過土(tu)壤時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過濾(lv)作用，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)沒有(you)(you)(you)懸浮物(wu)(wu)(wu)，經(jing)(jing)常(chang)是(shi)透明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。同時(shi)在(zai)(zai)通(tong)過土(tu)壤和(he)巖層時(shi)溶解了其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種可溶性礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)(liang)、硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)比(bi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)高(gao)。含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)100~5000mg/L之間(jian)(jian)，硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)通(tong)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)100~500mg/L（以(yi)(yi)CaCO?計)之間(jian)(jian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)終(zhong)年(nian)穩定，較(jiao)(jiao)少受(shou)外(wai)界影響(xiang)(xiang)。 受(shou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體流(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌以(yi)(yi)及氣候條(tiao)件影響(xiang)(xiang)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大差異，例(li)如一(yi)些(xie)流(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)森林、沼澤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)腐(fu)殖(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，流(liu)(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)植(zhi)被不好(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)士流(liu)(liu)失(shi)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渾(hun)(hun)(hun)濁(zhuo)度(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)且(qie)變化(hua)大。也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)鐵、錳、砷、氟、溴等(deng)(deng)(deng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。就地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)而(er)(er)(er)言，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 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