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以(yi)日常(chang)生(sheng)活中(zhong)的小(xiao)事舉例，我們經常(chang)見到水(shui)壺用(yong)久后內(nei)壁會有水(shui)垢生(sheng)成。這(zhe)是(shi)什么(me)原因呢？

   原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)在我們取用(yong)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)不少無機(ji)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)類物質(zhi)，如鈣、鎂(mei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)等。這些(xie)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)在常溫(wen)(wen)下的水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)肉眼無法發現，一旦(dan)它們加溫(wen)(wen)煮沸，便有(you)不少鈣、鎂(mei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)碳(tan)酸鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)形成(cheng)沉淀出來(lai)(lai)，它們緊貼壺壁就(jiu)形成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)垢。我們通常把水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)鈣、鎂(mei)離子的含(han)量用(yong)"硬(ying)(ying)度(du)"這個(ge)指標來(lai)(lai)表示。硬(ying)(ying)度(du)1度(du)相當于每升水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)10毫克氧化鈣。低于8度(du)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)軟水(shui)(shui)(shui)，高于17度(du)的稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)硬(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，介于8~17度(du)之間的稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)度(du)硬(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。雨、雪水(shui)(shui)(shui)、江、河、湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)都是軟水(shui)(shui)(shui)，泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)、深井水(shui)(shui)(shui)、海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)都是硬(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。所以(yi)你學到了(le)嗎？

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