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當(dang)前(qian)，我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產正走(zou)向科學、多元、集約、高效的(de)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)階段，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產現代化程(cheng)度不(bu)斷提(ti)高的(de)同(tong)時，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)失衡、自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)資(zi)源(yuan)退化以及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染(ran)的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)越來越引起(qi)人們的(de)重(zhong)視。近(jin)年(nian)來我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)頻繁發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染(ran)已嚴重(zhong)威脅人們的(de)身體(ti)(ti)健(jian)康(kang)，部分地區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)遭(zao)到毀滅(mie)性破壞。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)已經(jing)引起(qi)廣(guang)大(da)(da)民(min)眾和各級政府的(de)高度關注(zhu)。盡管經(jing)過(guo)長期不(bu)懈的(de)努力，我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)建設和保護取得了很大(da)(da)成績，但形勢依然十分嚴峻。我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)人口多、底子薄，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)地區覆蓋面(mian)積大(da)(da)，地區之間經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展很不(bu)平衡。同(tong)時，由(you)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展方式粗(cu)放(fang)，致使農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)治理(li)發(fa)(fa)展滯(zhi)后，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)日益突(tu)出(chu)。從(cong)總體(ti)(ti)上來看(kan)，由(you)土地退化、資(zi)源(yuan)過(guo)度開發(fa)(fa)引起(qi)的(de)一系列農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)比較突(tu)出(chu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)日益短缺(que)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染(ran)所引發(fa)(fa)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)災害(hai)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)愈加復雜，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)狀況總體(ti)(ti)不(bu)容(rong)樂觀。例如，每年(nian)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)量80 多億噸的(de)農(nong)村生活污(wu)水幾乎(hu)全部直排，威脅著廣大農(nong)民(min)群眾的(de)生存環境與(yu)身體健康日益突出的(de)農(nong)村污(wu)水問題(ti)，已經成為改善民(min)生、全面(mian)貫徹黨的(de)十九大精神、加快推進農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村現代化(hua)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)制約(yue)因素。

長期以(yi)來，我國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)經濟社會(hui)發展(zhan)形(xing)成(cheng)了嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)元(yuan)結構，實行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)是城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)分治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)機制，城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)差距不(bu)斷擴大。由(you)于受城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)二(er)元(yuan)結構影響，我國(guo)農村(cun)水(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護能(neng)力相(xiang)對薄弱。目前(qian)，農村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護沒有(you)(you)和(he)(he)當前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)經濟社會(hui)發展(zhan)結合(he)起來，基本上處于產業發展(zhan)破壞水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)之后開展(zhan)末端水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)治(zhi)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)被(bei)動(dong)狀態(tai)(tai)，沒有(you)(you)從優化產業布(bu)局(ju)、從源頭減(jian)少(shao)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)破壞入手，農村(cun)產業布(bu)局(ju)性生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)破壞問(wen)題突出(chu)(chu)，在實際工作(zuo)中更是缺(que)乏配套和(he)(he)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安全評(ping)估體系和(he)(he)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護對策。農村(cun)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)安全與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護問(wen)題已經成(cheng)為開展(zhan)農村(cun)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)薄弱環(huan)(huan)節和(he)(he)制約(yue)(yue)新(xin)農村(cun)建設(she)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要因素(su)，導致了城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)發展(zhan)不(bu)同步(bu)和(he)(he)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)污(wu)染(ran)問(wen)題突出(chu)(chu)。如果不(bu)加以(yi)有(you)(you)效解決，將嚴重(zhong)制約(yue)(yue)“生(sheng)(sheng)產發展(zhan)、生(sheng)(sheng)活寬裕(yu)、鄉風文明、村(cun)(cun)容整潔、管理民主(zhu)”的社會主(zhu)義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設進程。目(mu)前,我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)環境(jing)保護能(neng)力相(xiang)對薄弱(ruo)，加(jia)上(shang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經濟發展(zhan)水平相(xiang)對落后，使(shi)得(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)抵御環境(jing)惡化(hua)的能(neng)力遠遠不及城市，從而(er)使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)環境(jing)保護呈現脆弱(ruo)性、累積(ji)性和復雜(za)性的特(te)點嗎，特(te)別是在新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設過程中出現的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)破壞、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)用地擠(ji)占、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全空間破碎(sui)化(hua)等問題比較突出。

我國“十三(san)五”規劃(hua)提出推進(jin)(jin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)改革和(he)制(zhi)度創(chuang)新(xin)，增(zeng)強集體(ti)經濟(ji)組織服務功能題(ti)，激發(fa)(fa)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)展活(huo)(huo)力，全面改善農(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)條件(jian)，科學規劃(hua)村(cun)(cun)鎮建設(she)、農(nong)田(tian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、村(cun)(cun)落分布、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)涵(han)養等(deng)空間布局。加(jia)強農(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)處理，是推進(jin)(jin)新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)改革發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成(cheng)部分，也是社會主義(yi)新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內容。農(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污水(shui)(shui)是造(zao)成(cheng)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)環境(jing)污染最重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)原因(yin)，且會隨著農(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)方式的(de)(de)改變而加(jia)劇(ju)，成(cheng)為農(nong)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)居(ju)環境(jing)改善需要(yao)(yao)解(jie)決的(de)(de)迫(po)切問題(ti)。黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)十九大(da)以來(lai)，黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央堅持把解(jie)決好“三(san)農(nong)”問題(ti)作為全黨(dang)(dang)工作重(zhong)中(zhong)之重(zhong)，提出了鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)戰略，要(yao)(yao)按照“產業(ye)(ye)興(xing)旺(wang)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)宜居(ju)、鄉(xiang)風文明、治(zhi)理有效、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)富裕(yu)”的(de)(de)總要(yao)(yao)求，建立健全城鄉(xiang)融合發(fa)(fa)展體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)政(zheng)策體(ti)系，加(jia)快推進(jin)(jin)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)代(dai)化。產業(ye)(ye)興(xing)旺(wang)，就是要(yao)(yao)緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞促進(jin)(jin)產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展，引導和(he)推動(dong)更多資(zi)本、技術、人(ren)才等(deng)要(yao)(yao)素向農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)流動(dong)，調動(dong)廣大(da)農(nong)民的(de)(de)積極(ji)性(xing)、創(chuang)造(zao)性(xing)，形成(cheng)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)體(ti)系，促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)第(di)一、第(di)二、第(di)三(san)產業(ye)(ye)融合發(fa)(fa)展，保(bao)(bao)持農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展旺(wang)盛活(huo)(huo)力。生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)宜居(ju)，就是要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強農(nong)村(cun)(cun)資(zi)源環境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，大(da)力改善水(shui)(shui)電路氣房訊(xun)等(deng)基礎設(she)施，統籌(chou)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)林田(tian)湖草保(bao)(bao)護(hu)建設(she)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)好綠水(shui)(shui)青山(shan)和(he)清新(xin)清凈的(de)(de)田(tian)園(yuan)風光。

基(ji)于此，研(yan)究我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)污(wu)水(shui)的(de)(de)現狀，應(ying)用(yong)并推廣與我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)社會發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平相適應(ying)、有(you)效、可(ke)操作(zuo)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)污(wu)水(shui)處理技術(shu)和實踐經(jing)驗，可(ke)以為新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設過程(cheng)中水(shui)環境的(de)(de)保護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)提(ti)(ti)供科學(xue)依據和技術(shu)指(zhi)導。同時，開展(zhan)我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)污(wu)水(shui)處理技術(shu)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)研(yan)究，可(ke)以促進農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)產業結構布局的(de)(de)調整和優化，提(ti)(ti)升產業發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平，為新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設的(de)(de)生態化和持續(xu)化發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供決策依據。此外，在(zai)當前農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)快速發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，結合(he)國(guo)家(jia)實施的(de)(de)“保(bao)(bao)增(zeng)長(chang)、保(bao)(bao)民生(sheng)、調(diao)(diao)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)、上水(shui)平”的發展(zhan)戰略，開展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)(li)、治理(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)對(dui)策研(yan)究，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)未來(lai)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設中(zhong)環境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)從源頭做起(qi)和(he)過程控制的戰略思想將有效地(di)處理(li)(li)好(hao)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)環境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)與(yu)(yu)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經濟(ji)發展(zhan)的關系，對(dui)于保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)民生(sheng)、推(tui)(tui)動(dong)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)環保(bao)(bao)產業發展(zhan)和(he)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經濟(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)調(diao)(diao)整以及拉動(dong)內需等方面也將具有重要(yao)(yao)的意義(yi)。因此，加強我國(guo)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設中(zhong)的研(yan)究和(he)水(shui)生(sheng)態環境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)對(dui)策研(yan)究，是社(she)會主義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設中(zhong)有效解決突出水(shui)環境(jing)問(wen)題、改善民生(sheng)的客觀要(yao)(yao)求，也是推(tui)(tui)動(dong)城鄉統籌和(he)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)態文(wen)明建(jian)設、推(tui)(tui)動(dong)我國(guo)社(she)會主義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設的迫切需要(yao)(yao)。

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