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[水凈化資訊] 農村污水怎么排放？按什么標準排放？廣西康津告訴你10-14
我國已頒布并正(zheng)在執行(xing)的(de)水(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)排放(fang)標準(zhun)包括《污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)綜合排放(fang)標準(zhun)》(GB8978)、《畜禽養殖業污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)排放(fang)標準(zhun)》(GB18596)、《城鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理廠污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)排放(fang)標準(zhun)》(GB18918)等，這(zhe)些標準(zhun)主要是針(zhen)對具體行(xing)業制(zhi)(zhi)定，其中(zhong)僅《城鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理廠污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)排放(fang)標準(zhun)》(GB18918)中(zhong)從“基(ji)本控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)項目最(zui)高(gao)允(yun)(yun)許(xu)排放(fang)濃(nong)(nong)度”“部分一類污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)最(zui)高(gao)允(yun)(yun)許(xu)排放(fang)濃(nong)(nong)度”和(he)“選擇控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)項目最(zui)高(gao)允(yun)(yun)許(xu)排放(fang)濃(nong)(nong)度”三個方面對居民小區和(he)工業企業內獨立的(de)生活污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理設施污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)的(de)排放(fang)標準(zhun)進(jin)行(xing)了規定。...
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[水凈化資訊] 我國農村污水的現狀是怎樣的？10-13
雖然我國(guo)城鄉一體化建(jian)設(she)逐步(bu)加快，但(dan)農村(cun)生活(huo)污水處理(li)仍(reng)存在較(jiao)大的問題，例(li)如(ru)污水處理(li)技術有待進一步(bu)提高、系統處理(li)方法(fa)需要(yao)進一步(bu)加強、基礎設(she)施較(jiao)為缺乏等。我國(guo)農村(cun)生活(huo)污水存在的主要(yao)問題如(ru)下。...
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[水凈化資訊] 農村污水有哪些基本特征？10-13
廣義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)污(wu)水(shui)是(shi)指(zhi):農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)地區(qu)居(ju)民(min)在(zai)生(sheng)活和生(sheng)產(chan)過程中形(xing)成的(de)(de)污(wu)水(shui)。污(wu)水(shui)具體產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)范圍包括生(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)和生(sheng)產(chan)廢(fei)水(shui)兩(liang)個方面(mian)。其(qi)中，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)是(shi)指(zhi)居(ju)民(min)生(sheng)活過程中糞(fen)尿(niao)(若有分散型(xing)的(de)(de)畜(chu)禽養殖(zhi)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)話則(ze)稱人畜(chu)糞(fen)尿(niao)，否則(ze)稱人糞(fen)尿(niao)) 和潔具沖洗、洗浴、洗衣、廚房(fang)、房(fang)間清洗所排放的(de)(de)污(wu)水(shui)等。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)產(chan)廢(fei)水(shui)是(shi)指(zhi)畜(chu)禽養殖(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、水(shui)產(chan)養殖(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品加(jia)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)以及從事與農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)有關的(de)(de)工作 (如鄉鎮企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)田特別是(shi)設施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye))所排放的(de)(de)不(bu)符合國家地表水(shui)排放標準的(de)(de)廢(fei)水(shui)。...
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[水凈化資訊] 農村的水環境現狀又是怎樣的呢？10-13
當(dang)前，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產正走向科(ke)學、多(duo)元、集約(yue)、高效的(de)(de)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)階段，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度不斷提高的(de)(de)同時，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)失衡(heng)、自然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)資(zi)源退(tui)(tui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)以及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)污染的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)越(yue)來越(yue)引(yin)(yin)起(qi)人(ren)們的(de)(de)重視。近年來我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)頻繁發生(sheng)(sheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)污染已(yi)嚴重威脅(xie)人(ren)們的(de)(de)身(shen)體健(jian)康，部(bu)分地(di)區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)遭到(dao)毀滅(mie)性破壞。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)問(wen)題(ti)已(yi)經引(yin)(yin)起(qi)廣大(da)(da)民眾和(he)(he)各級政(zheng)府的(de)(de)高度關注。盡管經過(guo)長期不懈(xie)的(de)(de)努力，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)建設(she)和(he)(he)保護取得了很(hen)大(da)(da)成(cheng)績，但形(xing)勢依然十分嚴峻。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)口多(duo)、底子薄，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區覆(fu)蓋面積大(da)(da)，地(di)區之(zhi)間經濟發展很(hen)不平(ping)衡(heng)。同時，由于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經濟發展方(fang)式粗放，致(zhi)使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)治理(li)發展滯后，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)日益突出。從總體上來看，由土地(di)退(tui)(tui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、資(zi)源過(guo)度開發引(yin)(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)一(yi)系列農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)比較突出，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源日益短(duan)缺和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)污染所引(yin)(yin)發的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)災害和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)問(wen)題(ti)愈加復雜(za)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)狀況總體不容樂觀。例如(ru)，每年產生(sheng)(sheng)量80 多(duo)億噸的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)活污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)幾(ji)乎(hu)全部(bu)直(zhi)排，威脅(xie)著(zhu)廣大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民群眾的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)與身(shen)體健(jian)康日益突出的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)問(wen)題(ti)，已(yi)經成(cheng)為(wei)改善民生(sheng)(sheng)、全面貫徹黨(dang)的(de)(de)十九大(da)(da)精神、加快推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)重要制(zhi)約(yue)因素。 ...
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[水凈化資訊] 反應器在水處理中的應用：反應器的類型10-12
在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)化(hua)(hua)工生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)，都有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)發生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)核心部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，發生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 化(hua)(hua)工生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。按反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)物(wu)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態(tai)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及多(duo)(duo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)只在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)，通(tong)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)氣(qi)體(ti)或(huo)液(ye)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)。當反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)必須有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上才(cai)能(neng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，則(ze)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 按反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作情況(kuang)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)類(lei)(lei)。間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)(xie)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)按反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)罐一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)罐地”進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)卸料后(hou)，再(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)完(wan)(wan)全混合(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。當進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)料與出料都是(shi)(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷地進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)類(lei)(lei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)則(ze)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)穩定流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)完(wan)(wan)全對立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)想(xiang)類(lei)(lei)型，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)活(huo)(huo)塞流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。后(hou)者屬于(yu)(yu)完(wan)(wan)全混合(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)還具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作類(lei)(lei)型，如流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)床反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、滴灑床反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)。 1.間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)非穩態(tai)條件下(xia)操(cao)(cao)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)物(wu)料一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次加進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)去，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)結束以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)物(wu)料同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)出來，所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)物(wu)料反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，因(yin)此(ci)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)(su)也(ye)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)變(bian)化(hua)(hua);但(dan)是(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)卻永遠(yuan)是(shi)(shi)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，和實(shi)驗室(shi)里所(suo)(suo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燒瓶在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)本質(zhi)上沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)差別，對于(yu)(yu)小批量生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)液(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)適宜。 2.活(huo)(huo)塞流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 活(huo)(huo)塞流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)常(chang)用管(guan)段(duan)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)，因(yin)此(ci)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)特征是(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)列隊形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，液(ye)體(ti)元(yuan)素(su)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向決無混合(he)(he)現象(xiang)(但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)垂(chui)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向上可(ke)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)混合(he)(he))。構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)(huo)塞流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要且(qie)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件是(shi)(shi):反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)元(yuan)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停留(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)都是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)水(shui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較(jiao)接近于(yu)(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)理(li)想(xiang)狀態(tai)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)用管(guan)子(zi)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)這(zhe)種(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)時(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)管(guan)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)函數，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沿管(guan)長(chang)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)沿管(guan)長(chang)各點(dian)上反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)確(que)定不(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值，不(bu)(bu)(bu)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，最(zui)(zui)快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)操(cao)(cao)作過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻;而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)活(huo)(huo)塞流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，最(zui)(zui)快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)長(chang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)。 3.恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)(jiao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)攪(jiao)(jiao)罐反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，物(wu)料不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出，連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)。其(qi)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)受到(dao)了極好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)，因(yin)此(ci)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)各點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)完(wan)(wan)全均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，因(yin)此(ci)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)確(que)定不(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)該(gai)種(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)優點(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)必然要設置攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，當反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入后(hou)，立即被均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)散到(dao)整個(ge)(ge)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)積內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，從(cong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，其(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)必然與反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)。從(cong)理(li)論上說，由(you)于(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)某一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)到(dao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)立即被分(fen)(fen)(fen)散到(dao)整個(ge)(ge)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)立即流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出來，這(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停留(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)理(li)論上為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)。余下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)則(ze)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停留(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，其(qi)最(zui)(zui)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停留(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)理(li)論上可(ke)達無窮(qiong)大(da)。這(zhe)樣(yang)就產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)突(tu)出現象(xiang):某些(xie)后(hou)來進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)必然要與先進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)混合(he)(he)，這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)返混作用。理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)塞流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)絕對不(bu)(bu)(bu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)返混作用，而(er)(er)(er) CSTR的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)返混作用，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)又稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)返混反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 4.恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串聯 將若(ruo)干(gan)個(ge)(ge)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串聯起(qi)來，或(huo)者在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)塔式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)管(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)若(ruo)干(gan)個(ge)(ge)級在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)級內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)是(shi)(shi)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)混合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，級間(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)混合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)優點(dian)是(shi)(shi)既可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)過(guo)程有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)確(que)定不(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，又可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)段(duan)控制反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使物(wu)料在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停留(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對地比較(jiao)集(ji)中(zhong)。因(yin)比這(zhe)種(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)綜合(he)(he)了活(huo)(huo)塞流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)。...
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[水凈化資訊] 水中化學物質對人體健康的影響10-12
1.微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)及(ji)其他無機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 一(yi)(yi)般，將在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)凡占(zhan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重萬(wan)分(fen)之一(yi)(yi)以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)叫(jiao)作(zuo)(zuo)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)，其他無機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)就可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稱作(zuo)(zuo)常(chang)(chang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)。不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)和(he)(he)(he)(he)常(chang)(chang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。 鐵、鋅、錳、鉻、鉬(mu)、鈷(gu)、硒(xi)(xi)(xi)、鎳、銅、硅、氧(yang)(yang)、碘(dian)、鍶等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)20 當種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)。這些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)雖然(ran)(ran)低微，但功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you):構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)身體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)各(ge)個部分(fen)，調節生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，參加(jia)酶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動，運送氧(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務和(he)(he)(he)(he)參與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)激素(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動。例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)鋅在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)只含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you) 2~38，但其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)卻(que)極其重要(yao)(yao)(yao)，它(ta)不(bu)僅有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)育，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)格(ge)行為(wei)(wei)，缺(que)(que)鋅可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)引(yin)起(qi)抑郁、情緒(xu)不(bu)穩定(ding)(ding)、易煩躁和(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)銳減(jian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。硒(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)極微，但體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)許(xu)多重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與硒(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)直接關系(xi).長期(qi)(qi)危害(hai)我國廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)農村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民健(jian)(jian)康(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)克山病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)(da)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)節病(bing)(bing)(bing)都與硒(xi)(xi)(xi)缺(que)(que)乏有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關。健(jian)(jian)康(kang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)頭發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)0.8ug/g以上，而(er)頭發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)少于(yu)(yu) 0.4pg/g 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，為(wei)(wei)癌(ai)(ai)癥“嫌疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)” 許(xu)多常(chang)(chang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)也(ye)(ye)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)同前述微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，更是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)所必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)氫、碳、氮、氧(yang)(yang)、鈉、鎂、磷、硫、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、鉀、鈣(gai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。鈣(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)成(cheng)分(fen)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei) 99%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鈣(gai)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骼和(he)(he)(he)(he)牙齒(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)缺(que)(que)鈣(gai)會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起(qi)佝(gou)僂病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軟(ruan)化(hua)。鎂也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)成(cheng)分(fen)，70%存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骼中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其余(yu)分(fen)布于(yu)(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軟(ruan)組織和(he)(he)(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)液內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)。缺(que)(que)鎂可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)引(yin)起(qi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)變、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脆弱和(he)(he)(he)(he)牙齒(chi)(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長障礙等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。維持鉀、鈉離(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)平(ping)衡，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保證心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)條(tiao)件。鉀對(dui)(dui)(dui)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)壞死(si)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)預防(fang)作(zuo)(zuo)用。磷占(zhan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1%，成(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)磷達 700g，85%存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骼中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它(ta)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)強(qiang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)健(jian)(jian)腦，增強(qiang)記(ji)憶。 這些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)大(da)(da)(da)(da)部分(fen)都合(he)(he)(he)(he)于(yu)(yu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，飲(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)補充(chong)這些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)途徑之一(yi)(yi)。 天然(ran)(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)提(ti)供(gong)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)少有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)分(fen)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)汞為(wei)(wei)劇毒(du)(du)(du)(du)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)神經系(xi)統(tong)、心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟、腎(shen)臟和(he)(he)(he)(he)胃(wei)腸道(dao)(dao)(dao)，汞可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)蓄積(ji)，亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)蓄積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)魚、蝦(xia)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，所以汞能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)隨(sui)食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)入(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)潛在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，鎘蓄積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)組織中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，使腎(shen)臟器官等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)變及(ji)引(yin)起(qi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)痛病(bing)(bing)(bing)。硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)過量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)飲(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，會(hui)(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高鐵血紅蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)癥，如(ru)(ru)(ru)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)搶(qiang)救，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)引(yin)起(qi)死(si)亡(wang)。亞(ya)(ya)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)危害(hai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)亞(ya)(ya)硝胺，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公認的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。 也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，適量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益(yi)，超量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)則對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)每(mei)(mei)升(sheng)血液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)數(shu)百微克砷，參與細(xi)胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代謝過程，并蓄積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肝(gan)臟、指甲(jia)和(he)(he)(he)(he)毛發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、脊髓中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)劇毒(du)(du)(du)(du)，若長期(qi)(qi)持續吸收低劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)砷化(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)砷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)。適量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氟(fu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)高牙齒(chi)(chi)硬度(du)(du)(du)，預防(fang)齲齒(chi)(chi)，促進(jin)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鈣(gai)化(hua)。但氟(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)又(you)會(hui)(hui)損(sun)(sun)傷牙齒(chi)(chi)，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骼密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)。鐵對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)，患缺(que)(que)鐵性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧血的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)童(tong)除了(le)抵抗力(li)低以外(wai)(wai)，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)注意力(li)不(bu)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，記(ji)憶力(li)減(jian)退的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。但若每(mei)(mei)天吸收鐵超過 12mg，就有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)，超過得太多，會(hui)(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)。同樣錳也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)所需，但過多也(ye)(ye)會(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)。 硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)過高時(shi)，會(hui)(hui)使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)令人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)厭(yan)惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)味道(dao)(dao)(dao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)應加(jia)以限制。 2. 有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 據報道(dao)(dao)(dao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)世界(jie)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)休中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，已檢出(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)化(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，而(er)飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)765種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 117 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被認為(wei)(wei)或(huo)懷疑為(wei)(wei)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。這些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多數(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工合(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)境污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)果。典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),缺(que)(que)麗(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個肯定(ding)(ding)因素(su)(su)(su)。外(wai)(wai)污染物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)： (1) 農藥類(lei)(lei)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)類(lei)(lei)及(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)磷類(lei)(lei)，例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru) DDT、六六六、五氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)、甲(jia)草胺、阿特(te)拉津(莠去津)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，或(huo)者具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)引(yin)起(qi)食(shi)管癌(ai)(ai)、胃(wei)癌(ai)(ai)、肝(gan)癌(ai)(ai)、肺(fei)(fei)癌(ai)(ai)、白(bai)(bai)血病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，或(huo)者具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，改變人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)激素(su)(su)(su)平(ping)衡等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，嚴重影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)。 (2) 酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苯(ben)(ben)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)、甲(jia)苯(ben)(ben)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)、苯(ben)(ben)二(er)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。酚(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)促癌(ai)(ai)劑(ji)，這值。達又(you)到一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)就顯示出(chu)很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)作(zuo)(zuo)用。長期(qi)(qi)飲(yin)(yin)用含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)低濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)憶力(li)減(jian)退，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)頭暈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)依(yi)據。此失眠、貧血、皮(pi)(pi)疹(zhen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)癥狀(zhuang)。 (3) 芳香經類(lei)(lei)化(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)此類(lei)(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苯(ben)(ben)系(xi)化(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，包(bao)括(kuo)苯(ben)(ben)、二(er)甲(jia)苯(ben)(ben)、苯(ben)(ben)乙(yi)烯、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)苯(ben)(ben)、苯(ben)(ben)并(a）芘是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)極強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)低濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)用下(xia)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)誘發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皮(pi)(pi)膚癌(ai)(ai)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)惡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)腫瘤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與之有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關。 此外(wai)(wai)，近年來天然(ran)(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頻繁(fan)檢出(chu)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)新(xin)興污染物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，包(bao)括(kuo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)分(fen)泌干擾物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、藥物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)護理(li)品(pin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安全(quan)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)了(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威脅。 3. 放(fang)射(she)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 放(fang)射(she)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通過飲(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)入(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)照射(she)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)離(li)輻(fu)射(she)對(dui)(dui)(dui)所有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)都有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)同程度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)作(zuo)(zuo)用，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)引(yin)起(qi)皮(pi)(pi)膚癌(ai)(ai)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)肉瘤、肺(fei)(fei)癌(ai)(ai)、白(bai)(bai)血病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)胎(tai)兒(er)、青少年對(dui)(dui)(dui)放(fang)射(she)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏感性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比成(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)高，危害(hai)更大(da)(da)(da)(da)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)235U、233U可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)肝(gan)臟、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)髓、造血功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng);131I可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)甲(jia)狀(zhuang)腺，引(yin)起(qi)甲(jia)狀(zhuang)腺炎,89Sr90Sr可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)腫瘤和(he)(he)(he)(he)白(bai)(bai)血病(bing)(bing)(bing)。 4. 消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)及(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)工藝有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。向水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)投(tou)加(jia)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)殺(sha)滅(mie)細(xi)菌和(he)(he)(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)本身以及(ji)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)威脅。隨(sui)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)不(bu)同，副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。 氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)氣是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)細(xi)菌、病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殺(sha)滅(mie)作(zuo)(zuo)用。但氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)氣投(tou)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)過多不(bu)僅會(hui)(hui)影(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)味道(dao)(dao)(dao)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)同天然(ran)(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、腐殖質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)，形(xing)成(cheng)三(san)鹵甲(jia)烷、鹵乙(yi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鹵乙(yi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)低但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更強(qiang)。三(san)鹵甲(jia)烷總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)括(kuo)諸如(ru)(ru)(ru)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)仿、溴仿之類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，以氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)仿含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)高。研究表明，氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)后(hou)飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)集物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)直接致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)三(san)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)乙(yi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、二(er)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)乙(yi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)(chang)用消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亞(ya)(ya)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)與有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)甲(jia)醒、乙(yi)醛(quan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)對(dui)(dui)(dui)呼吸道(dao)(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)刺激作(zuo)(zuo)用，長期(qi)(qi)飲(yin)(yin)用含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)肝(gan)、腎(shen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樞系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)周圍(wei)血液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)，提(ti)高血漿膽固醇(chun)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。亞(ya)(ya)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)肝(gan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)免疫反(fan)應有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，引(yin)起(qi)肝(gan)壞死(si)、腎(shen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)營養不(bu)良，屬于(yu)(yu)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，為(wei)(wei)高鐵血紅蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)劑(ji)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、亞(ya)(ya)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)應該進(jin)行限制。 過去一(yi)(yi)般認為(wei)(wei)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)胺是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)胺會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)氮副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。透析(xi)液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)胺，會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，嚴重威脅病(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)。流(liu)行病(bing)(bing)(bing)學(xue)研究發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)，氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)胺化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與死(si)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)增加(jia)、出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)缺(que)(que)陷增加(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)密(mi)切聯(lian)系(xi)。 臭氧(yang)(yang)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)某(mou)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)醛(quan)類(lei)(lei)如(ru)(ru)(ru)甲(jia)醛(quan)、乙(yi)醛(quan)、乙(yi)二(er)醛(quan)、丙酮(tong)醛(quan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，若水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han) Br- 則會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)溴酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)，這些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)副(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(或(huo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)疑具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you))致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。...
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我國于(yu)1973年(nian)召開(kai)了(le)(le)全國環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作會議，確定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le) “全面規劃(hua)、合(he)(he)理(li)(li)布局、綜(zong)合(he)(he)利(li)(li)用、化(hua)害(hai)為利(li)(li)、依靠群眾、保護(hu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、造(zao)福人民(min)”的(de)(de)(de)32字(zi)方(fang)針，并(bing)頒布了(le)(le)第(di)(di)一個環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun) 《工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye) “三(san)廢” 排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GBJ4-73。此后，開(kai)始(shi)有(you)組織(zhi)地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)一系列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)政策、法規和(he)(he)(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，相繼發(fa)布了(le)(le) 《污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綜(zong)合(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》和(he)(he)(he)(he)一批行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，形成了(le)(le)比(bi)較完整的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)法規體系。經過40余年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，我國的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)淮已(yi)達到(dao)40余項(xiang)。 1973年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)“三(san)廢”排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GBJ4—73僅對(dui)19項(xiang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)進行(xing)了(le)(le)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)；1988年(nian)發(fa)布了(le)(le)《污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綜(zong)合(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB8978-88，增加(jia)(jia)到(dao)對(dui)40項(xiang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)進行(xing)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)從僅控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源(yuan)擴(kuo)大到(dao)含生活污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在內的(de)(de)(de)所有(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源(yuan)。1996年(nian)再次修訂(ding)推出了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)《污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綜(zong)合(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB8978—1996，適用于(yu)現有(you)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)建設(she)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)影響評價、建設(she)項(xiang)目環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)設(she)施設(she)計、竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)投產后的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)凡有(you)國家行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(如造(zao)紙(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、紡織(zhi)染(ran)(ran)整工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、肉類(lei)(lei)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、鋼鐵(tie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng))，其(qi)(qi)他一切污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)均執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)綜(zong)合(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；將污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)項(xiang)目總數增加(jia)(jia)到(dao)69項(xiang)，其(qi)(qi)中包括增加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)25項(xiang)難(nan)降解有(you)機污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)射性指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，強調對(dui)難(nan)降解有(you)機污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he) “三(san)致”物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)優(you)先控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則。 （1）標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)分級。在環(huan)(huan)境(jing)容量范(fan)圍內，按水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)類(lei)(lei)別(bie)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)相應標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。排(pai)(pai)(pai)入(ru)(ru)地(di)表淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，符(fu)合(he)(he)《地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB3838-2002Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)(規定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)區和(he)(he)(he)(he)旅游區除外）和(he)(he)(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)(pai)入(ru)(ru)海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)，符(fu)合(he)(he)《海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB3097—1997中二類(lei)(lei)海域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)一級標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；排(pai)(pai)(pai)入(ru)(ru)GB3838—2002中IV、V類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)(pai)入(ru)(ru)GB3097-1997中三(san)類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)二級標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；排(pai)(pai)(pai)入(ru)(ru)設(she)置(zhi)二級污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)城鎮排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)三(san)級標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；排(pai)(pai)(pai)入(ru)(ru)未設(she)登二級污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)城鎮排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，必須根(gen)據排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)受納水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)功能要(yao)求(qiu)，分別(bie)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)上(shang)述規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。 (2）標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)值。將排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)按其(qi)(qi)性質(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法分為兩類(lei)(lei)。第(di)(di)一類(lei)(lei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)，有(you)13項(xiang)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，主要(yao)是(shi)重(zhong)金屬和(he)(he)(he)(he)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)射性等(deng)有(you)毒有(you)害(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)，不分行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)式，也不分受納水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體的(de)(de)(de)功能類(lei)(lei)別(bie)，一律在車(che)間或車(che)間處理(li)(li)設(she)施排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口采樣(yang)，其(qi)(qi)最高(gao)允(yun)許排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)濃度必須達到(dao)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)。第(di)(di)二類(lei)(lei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)，有(you)56 項(xiang)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，在排(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口采樣(yang)，其(qi)(qi)最高(gao)允(yun)許排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)濃度必須達到(dao)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)。...
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[水凈化資訊] 污水排放標準制定的依據10-11
污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的排放直(zhi)接(jie)對地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)構(gou)成(cheng)了威脅(xie)，是(shi)實(shi)現(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的良性社(she)會循環(huan)的一個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)環(huan)節。為(wei)了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)環(huan)境，必領對排放的污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物量(liang)進行控制。當(dang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物排放量(liang)低于(yu)受納(na)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體的自凈(jing)能(neng)力，則水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)不會下(xia)降，這是(shi)制定污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排放標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)最基本(ben)的出發點。因此(ci)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物排放標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制定的基本(ben)依據(ju)(ju)。 我國(guo)的《地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB 3838-2002 規定了地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)功能(neng)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)、標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的實(shi)施和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)監測等(deng)。依據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)環(huan)境功能(neng)和(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)目(mu)標(biao)，按功能(neng)高低依次劃分(fen)為(wei)五類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)： Ⅰ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，國(guo)家(jia)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區； Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)集中式生活飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)一級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區、珍(zhen)稀水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生生物棲息地(di)(di)、魚蝦類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)產卵場(chang)、仔稚幼魚的梭餌(er)場(chang)等(deng)； Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)集中式生活飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)二(er)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區、 魚蝦類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)越冬場(chang)、洄(hui)游(you)通道、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產養殖區等(deng)漁業(ye)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)及(ji)游(you)泳區； Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)一般(ban)工業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區及(ji)人(ren)體非直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸的娛樂用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區； V類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)農(nong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區及(ji)一般(ban)景觀要(yao)求(qiu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)。 標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中除(chu)了對地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的基本(ben)項(xiang)目(mu)提出標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)限值外(wai)，還對集中式生活飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)提出補(bu)充項(xiang)目(mu)和(he)特(te)定項(xiang)目(mu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)限值。基本(ben)項(xiang)目(mu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)全國(guo)江河、湖(hu)泊、運河、渠道、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫等(deng)具有(you)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)功能(neng)的地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)；補(bu)充項(xiang)目(mu)和(he)特(te)定項(xiang)目(mu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)集中式生活飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)一級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區和(he)二(er)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區。...
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[水凈化資訊] 其他用水的水質標準10-11
原則上，一(yi)(yi)般食品(pin)、飲料用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)生活飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。但(dan)近年隨著人民生活水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)提高(gao)，對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)，出現了小區(qu)直(zhi)(zhi)飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、罐裝(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)（桶(tong)裝(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、瓶裝(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）等各(ge)種高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。這些(xie)飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)在生活飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)基礎上，又有所(suo)提高(gao)。 2.城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun) 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)人們(men)(men)日(ri)常生活所(suo)經常涉(she)及的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)類用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，主要(yao)包括廁所(suo)便器沖(chong)洗(xi)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)化、洗(xi)車、掃除、建筑施工(gong)(gong)及有同樣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)其他用(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 過去傳統上采(cai)用(yong)(yong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管網(wang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)做特(te)殊規定(ding)(ding)。隨著人們(men)(men)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)危機的(de)(de)憂患(huan)意識增(zeng)強(qiang)，節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)措施逐步(bu)得到(dao)(dao)落(luo)實，污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)化的(de)(de)興(xing)起(qi)，人們(men)(men)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)的(de)(de)以城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)再生回用(yong)(yong)、雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或按水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)不(bu)同將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管網(wang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)實行循序利(li)用(yong)(yong)，作(zuo)為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。雖然城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)沒有飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)那樣高(gao)，但(dan)是也(ye)應(ying)滿足(zu)使用(yong)(yong)中的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，做到(dao)(dao)既利(li)用(yong)(yong)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等資(zi)源(yuan)，又能切實保證安全與適(shi)用(yong)(yong)。為(wei)此(ci)，我國(guo)制定(ding)(ding)了 《城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雜(za)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》GB/T 18920—2002。 3. 游泳(yong)池(chi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun) 游泳(yong)池(chi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與人體直(zhi)(zhi)接接觸(chu)，也(ye)關系到(dao)(dao)人的(de)(de)身(shen)體健(jian)康(kang)。我國(guo)的(de)(de)相應(ying)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)游泳(yong)池(chi)補充水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)應(ying)符合生活飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，同時(shi)根據游泳(yong)池(chi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)特(te)殊情況，對(dui)于池(chi)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有一(yi)(yi)些(xie)補充規定(ding)(ding)。 4.工(gong)(gong)業用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun) 工(gong)(gong)業種類繁多(duo)，對(dui)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)不(bu)盡相問，例如(ru)電子工(gong)(gong)業對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)極為(wei)嚴格。要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)使用(yong)(yong)純水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、超純水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；而一(yi)(yi)般工(gong)(gong)業冷(leng)卻(que)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)則十分寬松。容(rong)許渾濁度(du)達(da)到(dao)(dao)50~100NTU。 因此(ci)各(ge)工(gong)(gong)業行業?從保證產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)保障生產(chan)正(zheng)常運行的(de)(de)角度(du)，制定(ding)(ding)相應(ying)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。...
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[水凈化資訊] 我國生活飲用水標準/生活飲用水衛生標準10-10
我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是隨著科學技術的進(jin)步(bu)和(he)社會發(fa)展而(er)與時俱進(jin)的。 1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)海市(shi)公(gong)布了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)第一個地方(fang)性(xing)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，稱為(wei)(wei)《上(shang)海市(shi)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清潔標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》，從而(er)成為(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)最早定制地方(fang)性(xing)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的城市(shi)之一；1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)北京(jing)市(shi)自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)司(si)定制了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)表》，包含有(you)(you)11項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)；1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)海市(shi)頒布了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le) 《上(shang)海市(shi)自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》，有(you)(you)16項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。
1956 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)領布了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)第一部(bu)(bu)《飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》，有(you)(you)15項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)；1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)頒布了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》TJ 20—76，有(you)(you)23項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)；1985 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)首次頒布了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB 5749—85，有(you)(you)35項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。
1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，建設部(bu)(bu)組(zu)織(zhi)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)城鎮(zhen)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)協會編制了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le) 《城市(shi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行業 2000 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)技術進(jin)步(bu)發(fa)展規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》；2001 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)(bu)領布了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》；2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，建設部(bu)(bu)頒布了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《城市(shi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》CJ/T 206-2005。
2006 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，由(you)(you)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)(bu)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)委員會聯合(he)發(fa)布了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)新的國(guo)(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》GB 5749-—2006。該(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)為(wei)(wei)強(qiang)制標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的制訂(ding)(ding)參考了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)世界(jie)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)組(zu)織(zhi)、歐(ou)盟、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)、俄(e)羅(luo)斯和(he)日本(ben)的相關標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、集中式供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單(dan)位衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、二(er)次供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、涉(she)及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)產品衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)監測和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢驗方(fang)法。該(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于城鄉(xiang)各類集中式供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，也適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于分(fen)散式供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)由(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)規(gui)(gui)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中消毒(du)劑常(chang)規(gui)(gui)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非常(chang)規(gui)(gui)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)組(zu)成，還對農村(cun)小型(xing)集中式供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)分(fen)散式供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)規(gui)(gui)定。與GB 5749- 85 相比，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)由(you)(you) 35 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)加至(zhi) 106 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，增(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)71 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；修訂(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)8項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；其中：微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)由(you)(you) 2項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi) 6 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)消毒(du)劑由(you)(you) 1項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi)4 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，毒(du)理(li)(li)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)中無機化(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)由(you)(you) 10項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi) 21 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，有(you)(you)機化(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)由(you)(you) 5 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi) 53 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，感(gan)(gan)官(guan)性(xing)狀和(he)一般理(li)(li)化(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)由(you)(you) 15項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)至(zhi) 20 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，放射(she)性(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)中修訂(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)總α放射(she)性(xing)。
標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中明(ming)(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)人生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)的飲(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應符合(he)下(xia)列基本(ben)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，保證用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)：不得含有(you)(you)病原微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)；化(hua)學物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不得危害人體(ti)健康(kang)；放射(she)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不得危害人體(ti)健康(kang)；感(gan)(gan)官(guan)性(xing)狀良好(hao)。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)還明(ming)(ming)確當(dang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)影響水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的突發(fa)性(xing)公(gong)共事件時，經市(shi)級以上(shang)人民政府批準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，感(gan)(gan)官(guan)性(xing)狀和(he)一般化(hua)學指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)可(ke)適當(dang)放覺。... -
[水凈化資訊] 水中生物對人體健康的影響10-10
水(shui)中的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(主要(yao)是微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu))與人體(ti)健康關系密切(qie)，影響比(bi)較大的(de)(de)(de)王要(yao)有(you)(you)細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)、病(bing)(bing)毒(du)、致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)原生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)，此外(wai)還有(you)(you)藻(zao)類、真菌(jun)(jun)、寄生(sheng)(sheng)蟲(chong)、蠕(ru)蟲(chong)等(deng)(deng)。1.細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)已(yi)發現飲用(yong)水(shui)中能(neng)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)腸(chang)(chang)道(dao)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you):志(zhi)賀氏（屬(shu)(shu)），是細(xi)商性痢疾(ji)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)原體(ti)；沙(sha)門氏菌(jun)(jun)(屬(shu)(shu))，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)致(zhi)沙(sha)門氏菌(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)，它導致(zhi)全(quan)身性較嚴重的(de)(de)(de)疾(ji)患(huan)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)毒(du)血(xue)(xue)(xue)癥(zheng)，感染肝、脾、膽囊等(deng)(deng)，還能(neng)導致(zhi)腸(chang)(chang)壁潰瘍(yang)、出血(xue)(xue)(xue)、穿孔(kong)等(deng)(deng)；致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)性大腸(chang)(chang)桿菌(jun)(jun)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)同癥(zheng)狀的(de)(de)(de)腹瀉;軍團菌(jun)(jun)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)使肺部受損，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)出現其他(ta)器官(guan)如肝、腎、心等(deng)(deng)受損，引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多種癥(zheng)狀，死亡(wang)率較高;鉤端(duan)螺旋體(ti)，具(ju)有(you)(you)較強的(de)(de)(de)侵襲(xi)力，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)通過皮膚微小傷(shang)口、眼結(jie)膜、鼻和(he)口腔(qiang)黏膜侵入體(ti)內，引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)黃疸(dan)出血(xue)(xue)(xue)、流感傷(shang)寒、肺出血(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)(deng)，鉤端(duan)螺旋體(ti)病(bing)(bing)爆發在世界上曾有(you)(you)多次報(bao)道(dao)；致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)性弧菌(jun)(jun)(屬(shu)(shu))，霍亂弧菌(jun)(jun)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)霍亂是一種烈性消(xiao)化道(dao)傳染病(bing)(bing)，此外(wai)還有(you)(you)麥契(qi)尼可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)夫弧菌(jun)(jun)、河弧菌(jun)(jun)、副溶血(xue)(xue)(xue)弧菌(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)均可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)；嗜水(shui)氣單胞菌(jun)(jun)，能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)外(wai)毒(du)素(su)(su)、可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)溶性的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)凝素(su)(su)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人類O、A、B型血(xue)(xue)(xue)紅細(xi)胞的(de)(de)(de)凝聚，對人具(ju)有(you)(you)潛(qian)在的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)性;彎(wan)(wan)曲菌(jun)(jun)，以(yi)空腸(chang)(chang)彎(wan)(wan)曲菌(jun)(jun)最為常見，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輕重不(bu)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)腸(chang)(chang)炎;結(jie)核桿菌(jun)(jun)，是人和(he)動(dong)物(wu)結(jie)核病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)原菌(jun)(jun)。...
